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6.呼吸2-1

6.呼吸2-1

本文翻譯自網頁「shakuhachi tips」(1999.Mar)
http://www.kotodama.net/shakuhachi/tips.html
原作者:柿堺香
英文翻譯: Zachary Braverman
中文翻譯: 麥浪
中文校稿: 琰烺(陳佩筠)
版權所有:國際尺八研修館---柿堺香老師

基礎篇---6篇:呼吸2-1

    為了要將氣息吹進尺八,你必須先吸一口氣。你如何吸氣,將影響你如何呼氣。
我們經常聽說腹式呼吸是很好的,但是它比聽說的更複雜些。

英譯者註解:腹式呼吸是,當你呼吸時,你的腹部在吸氣時會擴張;而胸式呼吸是,當你吸氣時,你的胸部會擴張。試著將一隻手放在腹部,看看你的反應會是哪一種。如果當你吸氣時,你的手向外凸出,那麼你是在做腹式呼吸。若是你的手向你的身體內縮,那麼你是在做胸式呼吸。另外,腹式呼吸也會引導出放鬆的反應。

    腹式呼吸和胸式呼吸的差別是在,你的肺部如何擴張和收縮。腹式呼吸時,橫隔膜往下降,肺部呈垂直式的擴張。而胸式呼吸時,肺部脹和縮---在吸氣時,肺部像法式落地雙扇門一般地開啟。

    在這裡,比較重要的差異是,在你呼氣時,你掌控了多少的氣息?事實上,運用腹式呼吸,能讓你在呼氣上有較多的控制。因為腹部附近有較多的肌肉群可以控制這個動作。這意味著,腹式呼吸較適於掌控長音、柔軟的音,或是突然大聲的音。

    接下來的問題是,在腹式呼吸時,你如何做好它?前面提到過,腹式呼吸需要動用到較多的肌肉群,這也就是說,操作腹式呼吸,在吸氣時,會稍微難些。

    例如,試著先張大嘴巴吸氣,然後再用鼻子吸氣。你可能會發現到,首先是自然地做胸式呼吸,接著是做腹式呼吸。

    在吹尺八時,為什麼不可以用嘴巴吸氣,有著許多的理由。其中兩項是:會失去最理想的吹氣角度,還有嘴巴會變的乾燥。現在,我們可以把「做得略像胸式呼吸」列入學習項目。這就是為什麼你必須從你的鼻子呼吸的原因。

    然而,有時候從你的鼻子吸氣會較花時間。所以,我有使用一種技巧是,開始時用鼻子吸氣(腹式呼吸),然後緊接著用嘴巴吸氣。有一種有趣的現象是,即使你從鼻子到嘴巴轉換呼吸時,它仍然會是腹式呼吸。

    自己試試看!跟你每天在做筒音練習時一樣。或許不會馬上看到效果。但是,如果你剛開始用鼻子吸氣,並且接著用嘴巴吸氣,最後你將發現,自己在呼吸時,不僅會是腹式的,也會蠻快的。



6.On Breathing

In order to breathe out into the shakuhachi,you first have to take a breath in. How you breathe in affects how you breathe out.


We often hear that abdominal breathing is good, but it is more complicated than that.


[Translator's note: Abdominal breathing is when you breathe such that your abdomen/stomach area expands on the in-breath,whereas chest breathing is where your lungs/chest expand on the in-breath. Try placing a hand on your tummy to see which you are doing. If your hand bulges outward when you breathe in, you are breathing abdominally; if it draws in closer to your body on the in-breath, you are chest breathing. Abdominal breathing elicits a relaxation response too, by the way.]


The difference between abdominal or chest breathing is in how your lungs expand and contract. In abdominal breathing,your lungs expand vertically as your diaphragm draws them downward. In chest breathing, your lungs expand in/out - they open up like French doors when you breathe in.


The crucial difference here is how much control you have during out-breaths. The fact is that you have much more control over out-breaths in abdominal breathing because you have more muscles in that area to control the action. This means that abdominal breathing gives more control for long, soft notes, or sudden loud ones.


So, the question becomes: How do you get better at abdominal breathing? I mentioned above that more muscles are involved in abdominal breathing. That means that making it slightly more difficult to take an in-breath encourages abdominal breathing.


For example, try breathing in with your mouth wide open, then through your nose. You are likely to find that you naturally do chest breathing in the first instance and abdominal breathing in the second.


There are many reasons why you should not breathe in through your mouth playing shakuhachi: losing your optimal angle or drying out your mouth are just two of these. Now we can add making it more likely to chest breathe to the list. This is why you should breathe through your nose.


However, sometimes breathing in through your nose can take too much time. So, one technique I use is to begin breathing in through my nose (abdominally), then continue and finish the breath through my mouth. It is an interesting phenomenon that even if you switch mid-breath from your nose to your mouth, it will stay an abdominal breath.


Try it yourself, such as in your daily Ro practice. It won't come immediately, but eventually you will find your selfbreathing both abdominally and quickly if you start the in-breathe from your nose and then continue it through your mouth.

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