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小 發表於 2013-11-1 19:53 只看該作者
33.靠著記憶吹奏
本文翻譯自網頁「shakuhachi tips」（1999. May）
http://www.kotodama.net/shakuhachi/tips.html
原作者：柿堺香
英文翻譯: Zachary Braverman
中文翻譯: 麥浪
中文校稿: 琰烺（陳佩筠）
版權所有：國際尺八研修館---柿堺香老師
基礎篇---第33篇：靠著記憶吹奏
你是否經常靠著記憶來吹奏嗎？
許多人對這樣的說法會皺起眉頭。畢竟，即使吹奏一首短歌曲，要靠著記憶吹奏，需要費一番心思的。所以，多數的吹奏者習慣於不這麼做。然而，從聽眾的觀點來看，演奏者不須靠樂譜演奏，確實會讓人印象深刻的。
尤其是，你必須能夠不用靠著樂譜，而能夠吹奏一些本曲。畢竟，「本曲」的其中一個意義，就是「自己的歌」。不靠樂譜吹奏，確實會增加某種程度的緊張及壓力，依靠樂譜時就會缺少這種感覺；但經常依靠樂譜，則會產生某種程度的自滿。
而且，重複地吹奏同一首歌曲，在形成記憶的過程當中，將有助於讓歌曲成為你的一部份。如此一來，當你吹奏它時，它將成為一種自然的表達。換句話說，靠著記憶吹奏，將帶給你與歌曲之間一種不同的關係，且或許會讓你看到一些你未曾經歷的事。
然而，不可否認的，要記憶一整首歌曲是蠻困難的。
在這裡，我將介紹一些記憶技巧（以本曲為例），請試驗看看，且做些即興表演，並看看哪一種方法最適合你。
◎找出重複的樂句。即使它們並不完全相同，你將會發現有許多相似的樂句。用
A, A', B, B' ,等等，將它們標示起來。有時候，僅僅這一個步驟，就可以涵
蓋一半以上的樂句了。
◎靠著連接關係去記住，某些特別突出樂句的前後樂句。
◎用紙蓋住那些你已經記住的樂句。
◎將那些比較難記的樂句，標示起來。或者，在它旁邊劃一些簡單的圖案或記
號，只要有助於記憶的都可以。
◎一旦你已經記住大部分樂句了，試著去吹奏整首曲子，且從頭到尾都不要停下
來。
◎用一段實際可行的短期時間，來試著記住一首曲子。比如說，一到兩週的時
間。若是拉長時間，實際上會更難記住。
記住！要熟記本曲並不是一件容易的事，關鍵則在於專心。短期間的專注是較容易的，所以試著儘快把它完全熟記，請不要蒙混過去。
如果你能大聲唱出那些你用心記住的樂句，那麼你會在表演時將錯誤減至最低。更理想的是，你必須要能夠做到，即使不需要思考，也能夠讓下個樂句很自然地演奏出來。「從記憶中唱出」，會是達到這個狀態的有效步驟。
所以，試試看！挑一首最深深感動你的本曲，努力去做到，能夠滿懷信心地在聽眾面前演奏。
B-33.Playing from Memory
Do you play from memory much? Most people scowl at the thought. After all,playing even a short song from memory requires more effort. So, we tend to avoid it as players. However, it is certainly impressive from the perspective of the audience to have someone play for you without notation.
You should be able to play some honkyoku, especially, without relying on notation. After all, one meaning of the name "honkyoku" is "your own song". Performing without notation will add a certain tension and intensity that can be lacking if you rely on notation, always relying on which can breed complacency.
Also, playing the song over and over again in the process of memorizing it will help make the song a part of you, so that when you do play it it becomes a natural expression. In other words, playing from memory will give you a different relationship to the song,and show you things you might not have seen.
However, it is undeniable that memorizing an entire song is difficult.Here I will introduce a few techniques (assuming a honkyoku), so experiment and improvise and see which one works best for you.
- Look for repeated phrases. Even if they are not identical, you will find many very similar phrases. Label them with A, A', B, B‘, etc. Sometimes just this one step can cover half the piece.
- Memorize the phrases immediately before and after phrases which stick out anyway.
- Cover the parts you've already memorized with paper.
- Mark the prases you will have difficulty remembering. Or, draw a little picture next to it. Anything to make it
- Once you‘ve memorized a good chunk of it, try playing through the whole piece. Don‘t stop no matter what.
- Try to memorize the piece in as short a time as is realistic (1-2 weeks, for instance). Drawing out the process can actually make it more difficult.
Remember, memorizing honkyoku is not an easy task. The key is concentration. Since it is easier to concentrate in spurts, try to complete the memorization as soon as you can. Don‘t dawdle with it.
If you memorize the piece to the point where you can sing it aloud, you will make very few mistakes in performance. Ideally you should get to the point where the next phrase comes out naturally, without even requiring thought.Singing from memory is a good intermediate step to get to this stage.
So, give it a try. Pick the honkyoku that touches you most deeply and getto the point where you can perform it in front of people with confidence.
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