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小 發表於 2013-5-25 19:58 只看該作者
19.確實按孔
本文翻譯自網頁「shakuhachi tips」（2001. Feb）
http://www.kotodama.net/shakuhachi/tips.html
原作者：柿堺香
英文翻譯: Zachary Braverman
中文翻譯: 麥浪
中文校稿: 琰烺（陳佩筠）
版權所有：國際尺八研修館---柿堺香老師
基礎篇---第19篇：確實按孔
在2000年7月的尺八專欄中，我提到了快板樂句中聽起來不夠柔和圓滑的現象，是由於音符間隔不夠均勻所導致。
當時我推定，會造成這樣的原因，乃在於不同手指間的動作速度不一致。現在，我想提供另一個原因給大家參考。
不同於西方的銀色長笛，尺八並沒有「按鍵」的設計，因此，吹奏尺八時，我們必須用自己的手指去覆蓋音孔，有時候，這樣會讓我們花過多的時間來完整地按住音孔，即使僅僅是多幾毫秒。
換句話說，我們用手指上的肉墊來覆蓋音孔的動作，很可能是不夠確實。在此我所說的確實按孔，是指手指上的肉墊，在相同的一瞬間，精確地覆蓋住音孔的整個邊緣。
如果你將尺八拿在手上，並且試著輕敲音孔，你會發現，當你確實敲擊時，將產生一種深沉空洞的回音。若是敲擊不夠確實，將無法產生這樣的聲音來。這樣的一個微小差異，會在一個快板樂句中，破壞一個音符。
即使你的手指，是在一個均勻的速度下快速動作，如果你手指上的肉墊不能以一種確實的方式，同時間能按住整個音孔邊緣的話，那麼，將無法吹出樂句應有的樂聲來。
相反的是，即使你並沒有連續快速地吹奏音符，但是有確實地按孔，那麼，吹奏出來的樂句效果，將會出乎你意料的好。要做到如此的關鍵在於：重複練習。
靠著重複練習，將音孔的位置，植入你的手指肌肉記憶中，就好像你獲得了那種深沉空洞的回音。即使你放鬆了你的手指，且輕敲音孔時也是一樣。
B-19.Closing Holes Precisely
My advice for 「July of 2000」touched on the phenomenon of fast phrases not sounding smooth because “notes of the phrase are not spaced evenly”. The cause for this which I posited then was the speed at which different fingers move not being the same. Now I would like to offeranother cause for consideration.
Unlike the western silver flute, the shakuhachi has no keys to close holes. Since with the shakuhachi we must close the holes with our fingers, sometimes this results in taking too much time to close the holes completely, even by a matter of milliseconds.
In other words, the way we close the hole with the pad of our finger can be imprecise. What I mean by closing a hole precisely is that the pad of the finger covers the entire circumference of the hole at exactly the same instant.
If you take your shakuhachi in hand and try tapping a hole, you will see that tapping it exactly results in a reverberating hollow sound. Hitting the hole imprecisely doesn't produce this sound. It is this slight difference which can ruin a note within a fast phrase.
Even if your fingers are moving quickly and at even speed, if the pad of your finger doesn’t close the hole in a precise manner – the entire circumference simultaneously – then the phrase won’t come together as it should.
The other side of this is that even if you don’t play the notes in sequence very quickly, but do play them precisely, then the phrase will come together better than you might expect.
The key to this is repetition. Drill the position of the holes into your muscle memory by repetition such that you get that hollow reverberating sound even when you relax your fingers and tap the holes lightly.
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